Aquitaine Essays - Prefectures In France, TER Aquitaine, Aquitaine

Aquitaine Aquitaine Aquitaine est entre les Midi Pyr?n?es, Limousin, et Poitou Charenets. Il a situ? trois cent cinquante miles sud l'oest ? Paris. Aquataine a une le fronti?re avec L'espagne. Aquataine est pr?s de l'Ocean Atlantique et les Pyr?n?es. La Garonne traverse L'Aquitaine. Il est un grande region en France. La capitale de Aquitaine est Bordeaux, situ? sur le Garonne. La r?gion est seperated dans cinq parties. En Aquitaine il y a beaucoup de vinyards. Il est tr?s joli. Il y a un beaucoup d'endroits ? la visite en France: edifices de Lascoux, La Madeline, Rouffignac, et beaucoup de ch?teaux. On peut jouer une beaucoup de sports en Aquataine pour exemple, golf et pelote. Pelote est le jeu plus rapide jou? avec une balle La plages sont jaune, doux et sableux sur la c?te de l'Atlantique. Vous pouvez joue une jeu de volley. Aquitaine was name by Julius Caesar in the first century BC. Under the Romans, the province of Aquitania extended almost as far north as the Loire River. The portion south of the Gironde, was made a separate province in the late 3rd century. The remainder became a separate kingdom in the Frankish period. The title duke of Aquitaine was held by the counts of Poitiers from the 10th to the 12th century. The last duke was William X. When his daughter, Eleanor of Aquitaine, married the heir to the throne of England in 1152, the area became an English possession and remained so until the 15th century, when France at the end of the Hundred Years' War annexed it. From the 13th century until the French Revolution, Aquitaine was called Guyenne. The name Aquitaine was revived in the 1960s to designate the economic region comprising the French departments of Pyr?n?es-Atlantiques, Landes, Gironde, Dordogne, and Lot-et-Garonne. Aquitaine is one of the most accessible regions in France. It has a very intricate system of roads and rails. There are a few major airports along with many minor and privately owned runways. In Aquitaine, there are many major cities, such as Bordeaux, Pau, Biarritz and Bayonne. Bordeaux is only known because it is the capital but because of its wines. It is the home to the best wines in the area for example Margaux, Medoc, Sauternes, and Saint-Emilion. This city was, for centuries, a flourishing port. It rose to its pinnacle during the 18th century. Stendhal wrote at this time ?Bordeaux is by far the most beautiful city in France.? Bordeaux is one of the few cities that have wide streets. There are also many things to see in Bordeaux: the Place de la Bourse, St-Andr? Cathedral, Grosse Cloche, the Place du Parlement, the mainsions and avenues designed by the Marquis of Tourny, the Grand-Thtre, and the Palais Rohan. There is also many beautiful intricate details of the city, some as elaborate doorknockers or in the H?tel de Nice on the Place Charpelet. Pau is the capital of the Pyr?n?es-Atlantiques. It is famous for its ch?teau where Henry IV was born. Pau was once a well known cosmopolitan tourist place during the 19th century. Sumptuous villas and luxury hotels were built in the heart of many parks and gardens. The city now owns a golf course, the first one established on the continent, the Gassion hotel, Saint Martin's church. Pau keeps an English town kind of nostalgia, and offers the charm of a genuine garden city. Biarritz is a very rich town located on the Atlantic Coast. It was originally a small whaling town until sea bathing came into fashion. Residents have consisted of Napoleon III, Bismark and Queen Victoria. It is now a city filled with Mercedes and Jaguars. During the off-season, it is a lonely city but during the summer, it is filled with festivals. Today it has a beautiful coastline still fit for a king and queen. Bayonne is located only six hours from France by train and a few kilometers from Spain. It is a trendy city with a small town charm. It has markets, two museums and even a citadel. After the first Tuesday in August there is a festival in which there are five days of concerts, bullfights, fireworks and a boat race. There are many things to do and see in Aquitaine. Whether it is enjoying

Show how and explain why Priestley creates dramatic tension in the Birling house even before the inspector arrives Essays

Show how and explain why Priestley creates dramatic tension in the Birling house even before the inspector arrives Essays Show how and explain why Priestley creates dramatic tension in the Birling house even before the inspector arrives Essay Show how and explain why Priestley creates dramatic tension in the Birling house even before the inspector arrives Essay Essay Topic: Death and the Maiden Literature In the first act, Priestley introduces the characters to the audience in the play and their lifestyles. Using language, props and costume, Priestley shows the characters are wealthy. For example at the beginning of the play, Birling says, You ought to like this port, Gerald. . The upper class of the time (1912) generally drank port after dinner. The Birlings are gathered after dinner to celebrate the engagement between Sheila Birling and Gerald Croft. Birling is a rich businessman who is only interested in making money- Its my duty to keep labor costs down. Money is his first priority. Priestley wants Birling to sound ignorant, stupid, foolish nai ve and unsympathetic. Birling makes assumptions of what will happen in the future, for example, he says the Titanic will never sink, and he says that the English will never go to war because the Germans dont really want it. Since the play is set in spring 1912 none of the events have actually taken place yet, but the audience is living in the 1940s so they know Birling is wrong. This is called dramatic irony. His wife, Sybil is much of a sexist, traditionalist type lady. Sheila Birling is a young woman who is very pleased with life at the beginning of the book. Her brother Eric is quite mysterious and comes across as very strange. On the surface, the mood in the Birlings house is jovial. Everyone seems quite happy with his or her lives but sometimes language they use shows there is tension. Tension is the anticipation of something bad, stressed or uncomfortable coming. The characters dont want to let the tension show because this should be a happy night for everyone and they dont want to make a big scene or cause a fuss. For example, one point of tension before the Inspector arrives is when Birling is talking about the absence of Sir and Lady Croft. Im not sorry that were celebrating quietly like this- Mrs. B cuts in saying, Much nicer really. The subtext of what Mrs. B is saying is shut up. She wants her husband to stop talking before someone is embarrassed by what he says. This tells us she is protective of Gerald because she doesnt want him to become embarrassed. There seems to be a problem between Gerald and Sheila. Although they are getting engaged, there are moments of tension between them. For example, when they have just finished dinner, Gerald says, In fact, I insist upon being one of the family now. Ive been trying long enough, havent I (Sheila does not reply, with more insistence) Havent I? You know I have. At this point Mrs. B cuts in and says, smiling, Of course she does. Here, Mrs. B cuts in to prevent an argument from arising and hide the tension. She is hiding the tension for Geralds benefit. Mrs. B wants to protect him because she respects him and likes him. She tries to cut off the subject but fails. Sheila continues- half serious, half playful, Yes- except for all of last summer, when you never came near me, and I wondered what had happened to you. Gerald replies, And Ive told you- I was awfully busy at the works all that time. Sheila replies in the same tone as before Yes, thats what you say. This seems to be a topic that has been previously discussed between Gerald and Sheila. We know this because Gerald says, And Ive told you- meaning obviously they have discussed this at length before. She approaches this subject carefully because although she is serious, she cannot let her anger show because she does not want to make a big scene. She knows something was not right about the time and hints Geralds response is a lie when she says, Yes, thats what you say. When Gerald pauses-And Ive told you- I was awfully busy at the works all that time. At the pause, he is preparing what he will say as it is a lie that has previously been told. He doesnt want to change his story by accident. Their discussion continues with Mrs. B, Now, Sheila, dont tease him. When youre married youll realize that men with important work to do sometimes have to spend nearly all their time and energy on their business. Youll have to get used to that, just as I had. Sheila responds, I dont believe I will. Then to Gerald in the half serious half playful tone, So you be careful. Here, Mrs. B is saying that all men will have affairs and that the women will just have to get used to that. She knows Gerald was with another woman during the last summer but is protecting him from enduring more embarrassment. She thinks her daughter should accept the situation. When Sheila replies, she shows the change in attitude. She could easily be a feminist later on in her life. She believes more in equality than tradition. Out of all the characters, Sheila is the most sympathetic with Eva Smith. She represents change not only in sexism but also equality within classes. She is hope, optimism, and change because she is not selfish. She is not concerned about money at the end of the play. It is significant that Lord and Lady Croft are absent from the celebration. They appear to not be there because they are out of the country but that could easily just be made up to prevent embarrassment. They are not at dinner because they feel the Birlings are their social inferior. They do not approve of the engagement and choose not to be there from their own free will. When this subject comes up, tension arises. Birling says, Its a pity Sir George and er Lady Croft cant be with us, but theyre abroad so it cant be helped. As I told you, they sent me a very nice cable couldnt be nicer. Im not sorry that were celebrating quietly like this- Mrs. B then cuts in with Much nicer really. Gerald then finishes with, I agree. The pauses at the beginning of Birlings speech show tension. He does not seem to recall the maiden name of Geralds mother so he calls her Lady Croft to save embarrassment. This shows the Crofts are very aloof and do not speak to Birling often. Mrs. B cuts in to stop her husband rambling and Gerald ends the conversation with, I agree. Gerald is just saying he agrees to save embarrassment and to end the conversation. He may disagree strongly but doesnt feel comfortable enough to present that. Later though, when the men are on their own Birling shows he is aware that Geralds parents feel that Gerald could have done better socially. Birling says, I have an idea that your mother Lady Croft while she doesnt object to my girl- feels you might have done better for yourself socially- At this comment, Gerald feels rather embarrassed but Birling says that it is okay for his mother to feel like that and starts showing off that he may be on his chance to be knighted sometime soon. Eric behaves very strangely. He seems to not particularly know what is going on. After Gerald and Sheila have their moment of tension (Yes-except for all of last summer ) Eric suddenly guffaws out of nowhere. He seems to be as Sheila puts it, Squiffy. Eric is very familiar with the decanter and wants to continue getting drunk. He also starts saying strange things. When the women arent in the room the men start talking about women and how they are obsessed with clothes. Birling says, Yes, but youve got to remember, my boy, that clothes mean something quite different to a woman. Not just something to wear- and not only something to make em look prettier- but- well, a sort of sign or token of their self respect. Gerald then says, Thats true. Eric responds, eagerly, Yes, I remember but then he checks himself. Birling stops and says, Well what do you remember? Eric replies, confused, Nothing. Here Eric seems to be covering up for what he said earlier, perhaps he let it slip because he was drunk. At the end of the play we find out he is actually an alcoholic. We find he got Eva Smith pregnant in a drunken state that led her to Mrs. Birling. He knows this, while the audience doesnt. He probably is talking about Eva Smith and how she loved clothes. Priestly deliberately creates moments of dramatic tension for a number of reasons. He does this to show the relationship between the characters in the first place, before the inspector arrives. Another moment of tension occurs in Act 1. The following quote is taken after dinner, when everyone has left except for Gerald and Birling. Birling is showing off. He says, So as long as we behave ourselves, dont get into the police court or start a scandal eh? After this he starts laughing complacently. Gerald replies with a laugh, You seem to be a nice well-behaved family Birling cuts him off with, We think we are - This is hinting further on in the play, what Birling says will actually happen. The Inspector arrives at the Birling house only one page after this conversation. Dramatic irony occurs when Gerald says, You seem to be a nice well-behaved family. The key world is seem playing on the fact that they really arent. When Birling replies, it is again dramatic irony. He says think as if theres a possibility theyre not. They are foreshadowing the later events in the play, which is another reason there is dramatic tension. Also, Priestley is building up suspense and tension for the final chapter. These moments of dramatic tension foreshadow tension later in the play. The tension that was brought up between Gerald and Sheila foreshadow further problems with their relationship. Also when Birling and Gerald are saying they are a nice family, it foreshadows the tension that will appear when the inspector arrives. After the women have left the room, Birling gives advice to the two younger men in the room. He speaks of when he was Erics age. Yes, you dont know what some of these boys get up to nowadays. More money to spend and time to spare than I had when I was Erics age. They worked us hard in those days and kept us short of cash. Thought even then we broke out and had a bit of fun sometimes. He says of the fun he got up to when he was Erics age. He also justifies extra-marital sex, but not directly. He is passing on his sexism to the younger two men. When he speaks of the fun he got up to at Erics age, it foreshadows that Eric has been getting up to fun as well. The main three points of tension are; the tension between men and women, the tension between generations, and the tension between class and social status. This is all shown well before the inspector arrives. This is so we can see that these three points are important and that they would be there regardless of Eva Smiths death. The themes and issues brought up in this play were to help Britain and other countries become a more caring society. The themes and issues brought up were sexism, class and generation. In the book, women have a lower status than men- although Sheila represents change in this topic. Eva Smith represented all of these. She was female, poor and young. In class it shows everyone looks down on someone else. For example, the Crofts look down on the Birlings, who look down on Eva Smith. The Inspector came to their house to try and change it but only succeeded in changing Eric and Sheila. Through generation it shows the younger members of society are more easily influenced. At the time the book was written, society could be described as a triangle with the upper class as the top, with the least people, the middle class in the middle with more people and the working class in the bottom, which was the majority of people. During the war, it was mainly the working class who went and it was decided afterwards that they deserved free health and social welfare. After that Britain became a more caring and sensitive society. In a way, it was Britain giving something back to the working class for fighting for Britain.

Nanook of the North (YouTube) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Nanook of the North (YouTube) - Essay Example Modern weapons were also absent due to the use of traditional homemade weapons like the harpoon and knives. The images of the movie also illustrate the pre-industrial period. The movie uses white and black image visualizations to indicate the colonial period before the industrialization took place. The movie is shot in a remote place where there is barely any modern development but only the presence of natural environment (All Classic Video 1922). The movie portrays empathy in the way the Inuits used live for example through the building of Igloos’ during the harsh winter period. Some problems can be noted from the movie. There is some lack of realism in the movie like during the killing and pulling of  a seal from a 10 to 12 feet hole. We cannot see how the seal was killed and how it was pulled from underwater which clearly indicates that it was killed by a gun and pulled using a modernized tool which was hidden during the cast (All Classic Video 1922). In the social context, it can be noted that almost everything the Inuit’s used came from animals: the food, clothing, tools and

Teamwork Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Teamwork - Essay Example However, when there is a team of say 5 members, there is again one goal but 5 minds to discover and handle the same work with 5 times the effort and time which of course will give better and more innovative results. The more awareness that surrounds the human brain, the more it widens and functions towards its goal. Shaina, age 25, works in a large telecom service provider company. She was always in charge of billing funds and employees' salary distribution part. She always came to office the same time of the morning and left at the same usual hour of the afternoon. The eight hours of her stay were mostly with her computer making estimates and doing calculations and the day would end with all reports being sent to the supervisor. Often he had to spend hours going through the details sent by her and sorting out differences between reports generated by all departments. All was fine and life went on until one day the supervisor realized the work was increasing and they must hire another person with Shaina. And, in the next two months, the work done by both of them together was much more than anticipated earlier. Also, the striking difference observed that not only did the daily, weekly and monthly reports reach his desk but Shaina and her teammate visited him often to discuss over billing details and any discrepancies in funds. Work was going on at a much faster rate and moreover, he had to no more spend time re-checking all calculations and fighting with billing discrepancies as everything was discussed and sorted out before the final report was sent to him. This was an example which depicts very clearly how teamwork can enhance not only work but the enthusiasm towards work and also generate comradeship between peers which in turn gives better results. Not only was his work redused but the bond shaared by the members made it easier to complete any work. There are various factors related to teamwork viz. How should teamwork be assessed, how can one develop and benefit from personal team skills and team awareness, what role does communication play in teamwork etc. Team performance assessment can be done by first checking whether they followed the right approach towards work. The characteristics of effective teams that were identified by Larson and LaFasto in their book titled Teamwork: What Must Go Right/What Can Go Wrong (Sage Publications 1989) are that the team must have a clear goal, results-driven structure, competent team members etc. Now to assess whether team member are competent, it is first required to assess the individual members. Personal team skills play important role. For example, for a team that works together in a construction based company, the individual members should all have a graduate degree in civil engineering or any equivalent. In case few members are more involved with the topic than the others, the others can build their awareness about the team and its activities. Any organization always works at its best if the employees work in teams and have mutual awareness about their peers. Getting any work accomplished with quality and efficiency is possible with maintaining competitive air around the employees. Another example that we can see is of the floods that happened in county

Information Technology Application in Marketing Essay

Information Technology Application in Marketing - Essay Example Facebook, unlike other social networking websites, has a clearly defined target market that starts from students who are enrolled in high schools, college and university. The differentiating factor for Facebook is that it is all focused towards students only through creating study groups, keeping in touch with distant friends and getting information. Students use it to make their social life prominent through using various features of Facebook such as uploading, sharing and commenting on photos. Facebook earns its profit mainly through advertising. It gets involved in three different ways of advertising. One is banner ads, sponsored groups and text announcements. The visitors’ traffic and the time spent on the site also serve as a major indicator for Facebook success (Mitchell, n.d.). GOOGLE Another social media website selected is Google. Google is the most visited website that provides solutions and answers for almost all the questions through its search optimization system. Google is primarily a search engine and serves almost everyone in thirst of some knowledge or information regarding anything. Google generates its profits through online advertising (Channel 4, 2012). Google has involved in an activity called targeted advertising through which organizations use Google Adwords and Adsense to get their names or articles to get displayed on the top (Splatf, 2011). WIKIPEDIA Wikipedia is another social media network that helps individual to gain information on related topics. The business model that Wikipedia has implemented is that people who love to write and want to make their contribution can write an article and then hence upload it. Wikipedia provides a feature to make amendments to article or edit it. And even if any conflict is observed in the provided information it is then resolved by Wikipedia resolution party. The writers or authors here are voluntary writers. They do not do it for any monetary rewards but for internal satisfaction and inte rest. Wikipedia has some donors as well who provide funds to the site, and they are called wiki donors. Wikipedia does not display advertisements as other sites do and also does not charge any subscription fees. It still earns through the web traffic it has, and the number of time spent on the site by each visitor. It does not employ more than 35 employees in its organization and has managed to reduce its administration and operation costs to the least. Sustainability of the models All these three sites are sustaining because of the differentiated service and user interface experience they provide. The value that they are providing to their users is of immense importance. Their business models are different from others and quite uniquely profitable in nature. Facebook earns through its online advertising whereas Google earns through its online search optimization and its own advertising techniques and Wikipedia earns profits through minimizing its overhead cost. Future of Social Med ia Sites The future of these sites would be a more co-operative and user friendly one. These sites would progress now more towards working on virtual reality and making some efforts towards surprising users through adding features more inclined towards 3D virtual reality. How Social media sites are adapting to cell phones and PCs As technology is advancing, access to these websites is to be made from multiple devices that are

The Evolution Of Telemedicine Health And Social Care Essay

The Evolution Of Telemedicine Health And Social Care Essay Who would have ever imagined that a doctors visit could be conducted through a phone-line, video, or the use of a computer 1000 plus miles away? Medical records can be view by another medical professional for a second opinion three counties away before you arrive. A radiologist in Singapore has diagnosis your femur fracture here in the United States. Medical diagnosis, treatment and consultations are being performed from miles away because of technology. It seems as if there is no limitation to the well being of a patient through a wide range of telemedicine services. What is telemedicine? According to the American Telemedicine Association telemedicine is the use of medical information exchanged from one site to another via electronic communications to improve patients health status. Emails, videoconferencing, transmission of still images, e-health including patient portals, remote monitoring of vital signs, continuing medical education and nursing call centers are all considered part of telemedicine.(http://www.americantelemed.org) This interactive form of medical services has provided healthcare to individuals many miles away or minutes away in the comfort of their homes, physician offices and hospitals. Ways to communicate services Store-and -forward is a means of transmission of medical information to other medical professionals and facilities that will provide the recipient pertinent medical history, vital signs, medical records, lab results and images. Store-and-forward telemedicine systems have the ability to capture and store digital still or moving images of patients, as well as audio and text data. A store-and-forward system eliminates the need for the patient and the clinician to be available at the same time and place. Store-and-forward is therefore an asynchronous, no interactive form of telemedicine. It is usually employed as a clinical consultation (as opposed to an office or hospital visit). (http://www.ahrq.gov) One of the major concerns with store and forward is whether it is as effective as face to face medical visits, does it have comparable outcomes, is it appropriate for appropriate medical management, is the patient truly satisfied with the outcome and level of services and is it cost effect ive? There are several benefits of store-and-forward technology. Patients in rural areas are able to be seen by specialty physician miles away when there is limited access to the services in the area. The store-and-forward of medical information is also being used with emergency response teams to communicate the information to the emergency room staff for an efficient transfer of vitals and medical status. The store and forward technology is said to be the least expensive way to communicate and the most accurate in real time for patients at a distance needing medical consultation. Another type of store and forward technology is videoconferencing technology. The two way television allows two doctors in two different areas to communicate to provide treatment, a diagnosis, or telesurgery. There are several healthcare areas that benefit from telemedicine Some of the common teleservices Telemedicine includes several medical disciplines that benefit from the services. Services like radiology, dermatology, nursing, pharmacy, pathology, neurology and psychiatry. The need for a second opinion in healthcare has seen a demand, and the shortage of specialty doctors in rural areas increased. The development of telemedicine has benefited the patient in many ways because of technology. Teleradiology- is the transmission of x-ray, CT, MRI, PET, and SPEC images that can be read by radiologist in another facility or country. The information is sent via the store and forward process of telemedicine. Large and small hospitals have began to use teleradiolgist to cut down on expense and having access to immediate diagnosis. Teledermatology- is the use of video conferencing and store and forward images to provide a consultation for an individual that requires a dermatologist. There have been concerns with the consistency of this tyoe of visit for patients due to unclear images of the skin and the possibility of not having that face to face visual from the dermatologist to make an adequate diagnosis. Telenurse- the use of phone, electronic email, videoconferencing, and computers to provide healthcare services or consultation to a patient. Telenusring has continued to grow in the areas of telephone triage for health insurance carriers. Telenursing has grown with interactive patient training related to changing wound dressings, insulin administering, self management of a patients health. Reimbursement Many of the healthcare providers must follow certain guidelines to receive payment for telemedicine. According to Medicare its condition for payment must include an interactive audio and video telecommunications system that is used and must permit real-time communication between the physician or practitioner at the distant site and the beneficiary at the originating site. The medical providers that are covered under this fee for payment are services rendered by a physician, nurse, physician assistant, midwife, clinical nurse specialist, or clinical psychologist. The current list of Medicare telehealth services includes: Consultations Office or other outpatient visits Individual psychotherapy Pharmacologic management Psychiatric diagnostic interview examination End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD)-related services Neurobehavioral status examination For ESRD-related services, at least one face-to-face, hands on visit (not telehealth) must be furnished each month to examine the vascular access site by a physician, NP, PA, or CNS. (http://www.cms.hhs.gov) New Trends in telemedicine Trends observed nationally include: using telemedicine in correctional facilities and home health care settings, can significantly reduce the time and costs of patient transportation; providing additional services to rural area linking physicians together more efficiently linking hospitals and schools together to improve care and widespread The benefits With a growing population and healthcare on the rise many public and private medical providers have seen a cost reduction with the use of telemedicine and patients have benefited from the technology in telemedicine. Insurance providers are paying for less hospital in patient days because the patient can be monitored from a distance. The patients are able to communicate with a nurse or physician at home through phone, video, or Bluetooth monitoring. Telemedicine allows more freedom to the patient to feel less restricted to home visits, they have access to some providers 24 hours a day and it cuts down on their travel time to medical visits. The patients family has also displayed satisfaction from the use of telemedicine because its less strenuous on their travel time and loss of work days. Another benefit of telemedicine provides an outreach to rural areas to be included in clinical trial studies and procedures. The providers have also benefited because they are able to receive real t ime feedback from other professionals that are able to transmitted medical information quickly, decreased travel time, and continued patient education and communication. Issues that need to be addressed Education regarding telemedicine and its usage. There are concerns that many do not know that he services exist. Cost and evaluation of the services. Will the cost for reimbursement be lower because there is no face to face contact? How will the affects of technology increase cost? Liability and malpractice issues. Out of state practices of medical professionals crossing their licensed boundaries. How will they be regulated and which state laws and rules will they be governed under? Security is always a concern regarding information sent via phone and internet lines. Can medical information be protected properly and the doctors will be held liable for the misappropriation of a patients medical information. Although there are HIPPA laws regarding patients privacy according to ORTCC its much more difficult to guarantee confidentiality because several individuals outside the traditional medical team. The transmission procedure requires technical staff at both ends. In small communities, it is possible that the patient knows the nonmedical personnel socially, compounding the sense of loss of privacy. Thus, the nature of the doctor patient relationship changes dramatically with telemedicine, challenging traditional concepts of privacy and confidentiality. (http://www.ortcc.org) Conclusion With technology making waves telemedicine has been able to grow through leaps and bounds allowing those that are limited and restricted to receive the medical attention of medical professionals. Physician has gain quicker access to other professionals without sitting face to face, digital images, and audio files of heartbeats and fetal movements. The privacy, protection, reimbursement, malpractice, and governing laws are still a concern but the efficiency of communication to provide medical care is needed.

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The Bureau of Investigation was renamed the â€Å"Federal Bureau of Investigation,† in 1935. The FBI became well known by American culture during the rule of John Edgar Hoover. John Edgar Hoover is unquestionably the most famous federal agent in the history of the United States. He turned an insignificant federal law enforcement agency with restricted law enforcement powers into the most esteemed law enforcement organization in the world. The FBI was seen as a crucial part of America’s win in World War II due to its efforts against espionage. In the 1950’s and 1960’s, Hoover increased the FBI’s Cold War efforts to prevent the power of Communist supporters and spies in the United States. In the 1960’s and 1970’s, the FBI became known as the primary agency to protect the civil rights of all citizens within the South. The FBI continued to fight against espionage throughout the Cold War. This ultimately led to the decrease in communism in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe in the late 1980’s and early 1990’s. The FBI also became involved with many other highly publicized cases. In the 1970’s and 1980’s, the FBI investigated domestic terror groups on both the left and the right wings of the political spectrum. The FBI also regarded public corruption and organized crime as very important priorities during the 1970’s and 1980’s. Beginning in the 1980’s all the way up to present day the FBI has increasingly focused its attention on acts of terrorism. In the middle and late 1980’s, several acts of terrorism were committed against Americans overseas. Terrorism remained in the spotlight during the 90’s in response to numerous incidents, such as the 1993 World Trade Center bombing in New York City and the 1995 bombing of the Murrah Federal B... ...s it correlates to the manufacturing, distribution, and supplying of legally produced controlled substances. They are responsible for the cooperation with local, state, and federal law enforcement officials on shared drug enforcement efforts and the bettering of these efforts by means of exploitation of impending interstate and international investigations. They are also accountable for the cooperation with local, state, and federal agencies, and foreign governments in programs intended to reduce the accessibility of illegal abuse-type drugs for sale in the United States through non-enforcement techniques. In addition, they are responsible for every program related to drug law enforcement correspondents in foreign countries, and the relationship with the Interpol, United Nations, and other organizations on affairs regarding international drug control programs (DEA).

Language A Very Complicated System Education Essay

Language, a really complicated system, is really polar to human existences ( Saffran & A ; Thiessen, 2007 ) . It allows people to show their ideas, communicate with each other, and transmit cognition ( Scanlon, 1977 ) . Its importance stimulates a batch of research workers to research the development of linguistic communication in kids ( Shatz, 2007 ) . There are several sensible theories explicating how kids learn a linguistic communication ( Evans, 2007 ) . Some suggests that societal environment as an of import component in determining kids ‘s lingual development ; while Chomsky, a nativist theoretician, argues that there is a Language Acquisition Device inherently born with us, and human existences can get linguistic communication of course ( Meisel, 1995 ) . Harmonizing to Chomsky ( 1959 ) , there is a poorness of stimulation that the lingual input available in the societal environment is so limited for kids to develop a linguistic communication system, and therefore there must be some biological predisposed mechanism accounting for human lingual development. The undermentioned essay is non trying to reason against Chomsky ‘s thought, but to exemplify how the societal environment interacts with the innate lingual ability and determine the development of linguistic communication in kids. It has long been suggested that societal environment plays a important function in kids ‘s lingual development. Behaviorists, one of the earliest histories of linguistic communication development, see linguistic communication acquisition as a merchandise of operant conditioning ( Evans, 2007 ) . Skinner, the suggester of behaviourist theory, stresses that the acquisition of linguistic communication is besides contingent upon the effects of larning it ( Shatz, 2007 ) . For case, when a kid additions favourable attending from its parents ( a sort of intangible support ) after bring forthing a peculiar sound, it is really likely that the kid will reproduce that sound. The behaviourists have shortly been to a great extent criticized for their oversimplified theoretical account of human linguistic communication acquisition. There so comes the rise of empiricist and socio-pragmatic theoreticians which emphasize the importance of societal and cognitive elements of linguistic communica tion ( Tomasello, 1998 ) . Tomasello ( 2003 ) proposed the usage-based theory and explained linguistic communication acquisition utilizing a functional attack ( Tomasello, 2003 ) . Language develops when kids have the desire to pass on purposes with the others and when they realize the matter-of-fact maps of linguistic communication in the society ( ( Inhelder & A ; Piaget, 1980 ; Mueller Gathercole & A ; Hoff, 2007 ) . They learn the constructions of linguistic communication through observation ( Tomasello, 2003 ) and accrued linguistic communication experiences ( Lieven & A ; Tomasello, 2008 ) . Baldwin and Meyer ( 2007 ) argued that linguistic communication is inherently a societal behaviour. A word itself does non incorporate any significance, it is the members of societal community who use it and give it a significance ( Tomasello, 1999 ) . Therefore, to larn what a word is refer to, societal interaction is indispensable.Language and society is closely linked, and social factors to a great extent influence the linguistic communication to be used ( Evans, 2007 ) . Clearly, the societal environment plays a cardinal portion in determining the development of linguistic communication in kids. We shall concentrate on the societal environment in its broadest sense, non curtailing to peculiar scenes like place and school. The undermentioned essay chiefly explores how the measure and quality of societal interaction and stimulation, cultural norms and outlooks shapes kids ‘s lingual development.Social interaction and stimulationThe functional attack suggests that linguistic communication develops through kids ‘s battle in a societal context ( Robinson & A ; Ellis, 2008 ) and through their active interaction with others ( Inhelder & A ; Piaget, 1980 ) . The deficiency of societal interaction or an appropriate societal environment hinders normal development of linguistic communication in kids ( Rice, 2007 ) . For illustration, Genie, the miss who was kept entirely and locked in a room for 12 old ages, failed to utilize linguistic communication usually ( Pines, 1981 ) . Linguistic environment The most important component of linguistic communication development is the lingual input. Both the measure and quality of lingual input are of import. Measure can be expressed as the frequence of exposure to linguistic communication ; while quality is expressed as the assortment of input ( Hoff, 2006 ) . Surveies show that the more frequent the kids are exposed to peculiar words or sentence constructions, the earlier they can get and reproduce them. And the wider the scope of vocabularies the kids are exposed to, the more picks of word they have when building sentences ( Naigles and Hoff-Ginsberg, 1998 ) . However, lingual input is besides a sort of disciplinary feedback ( Mueller Gathercole & A ; Hoff, 2007 ) , so that kids who engage in more societal interaction have higher opportunities to be corrected when they make errors. Exposing to different types of input can heighten the profusion of the lingual environmen. For illustration, if one wants to larn Cantonese, s/he can actively seek for a Cantonese environment like watching Cantonese films, sing China Town, run intoing Cantonese friends, etc. different types of lingual input may assist linguistic communication development in different facets. The consequence of frequence of exposure in linguistic communication acquisition can besides be shown in survey that involves bilingual linguistic communication scholars. Bilingual linguistic communication scholars, holding to larn two linguistic communications at the same time, have less exposure to both the linguistic communications, comparing to monolingual kids ( Genesee & A ; Nicoladis, 2007 ) . It is found that bilingual kids have a smaller vocabulary size in each linguistic communication, and the sort of words they learn are rather different, as bilingual kids receive different lingual inputs from different communicative spouses. Bruner ( 1981 ) believed that linguistic communication development is a consequence of the interaction between nature and raising. As suggested, societal activities like ‘play ‘ are valuable beginnings of lingual input. During the drama clip, kids can actively prosecute in lingual exchange and interactions with the grownups ( Shatz, 2007 ) . It was found that kids who possessed playthings and engaged in originative drama were more sophisticated in showing themselves verbally and showed promotion in linguistic communication acquisition ( Scanlon, 1977 ) . Other linguistics stimulations and activities like playing with image cards and role-playing a narrative are besides good to the kids ‘s linguistic communication development ( Hoff & A ; Tian, 2005 ) . Research surveies showed that there is a birth-order difference in the development of linguistic communication in kids. First-born kids are relatively more advanced in sentence structure and vocabulary ; while later-born kids have better conversational accomplishment ( Hoff, 1998 ; 1999 ) . The ground history for such difference is closely linked with the differences in the type and measure of lingual input. First-born kids have been the lone kids before the reaching of younger siblings. Fakouri ( 1974 ) suggested that the parents ‘ love, attention, and attending to the individual kid are indivisible by, and they perchance prosecute the kid into a higher- quality interaction, and therefore the exposure of lingual input is greater. Upon the birth of a sibling, the opportunity of acquiring one-to-one communicative interaction with the parents is lessened for both kids ( Hoff, 2006 ) . Yet, the later-born kids have another beginning of lingual input, which is from their senior sib lings. However, the quality of the lingual inputs provided by elder siblings is dissimilar to that by the parents, as they normally are less complex and dwell more grammatical mistake. A antiphonal spouse The functionalists believe that a antiphonal spouse for communicative exchange is needed for linguistic communication acquisition. Just like the other types of development, linguistic communication acquisition besides needs the staging of grownups. A antiphonal spouse should be cognizant of what the kid is go toing to in the here-and-now context and follow into that peculiar object or event ( Karrass et al. , 2002 ) , so that the kid can do usage of this societal cue to larn the linguistic communication associated with that focused topographic point ( Diesendruck, Gelman, & A ; Lebowitz, 1998 ) . The particular type of societal interaction is called joint attending, and it strongly correlates with word acquisition ( Bruner, 1983 ) . Children can larn new words expeditiously when they are socially engaged or pass oning with a antiphonal spouse, and larn best if they jointly attend to execute some day-to-day modus operandis like bathing and dining ( Tomasello, 1999 ) . Research done by Tomasello and Todd ( 1983 ) showed that the continuance of battle in joint attending was positively correlated with vocabulary size. Questioning and giving immediate responses to kids can keep their involvement as good ( Tomasello, 1999 ) . Studies found that kids who have grownups prosecuting them in conversation and utilizing more wh-questions during communicating have relatively better development in aides and verb usage ( Hoff, 1999 ) . Social-interactionist theoreticians believed that a good communicative spouse of a kid should do good usage of kid directed address or motherese ( Snow, 1979 ) . Child-direct address is a particular signifier of talk that normally is rather simple, with the talkers expressing meaning-rich words like the names of aims and verbs one-by-one clearly. Furthermore, the talker normally negotiations with higher pitch to capture the attending of the kid ( Mueller Gathercole & A ; Hoff, 2007 ) . Research surveies on the use of child-direct address show that it is associated with enhanced phonological consciousness and word acknowledgment. However, it should be noted that although child-direct address is correlated with a broad scope of positive results, it is non indispensable for normal development of linguistic communication in kids. This alone type of address is non cosmopolitan, as in some states, speaking to babes with such a high-pitch and simple construction is considered as discourtesy to them ( Hoff, 2006 ) . There is grounds demoing that kids, whose communicative spouses have higher educational degree, possess wider scope of vocabularies and are able to organize comparatively long and complicated sentences. They are besides better in depicting objects or evens that are non instantly present ( Umek, Fekonja, Kranjc & A ; Bajc, 2008 ) . The difference in the caretakers ‘ educational degree may connote the difference in the profusion of kids ‘s lingual environment and rational stimulation. Higher educated health professionals perchance can supply more acquisition chances to their kids than caretakers who are less educated. This shows how of import lingual input is for the favourable development of linguistic communication in kids. Cultural norms and outlooks are another country that can do a immense consequence of kids ‘s linguistic communication acquisition.Cultural norms and outlooksThere are a batch of cultural norms and outlooks invisibly hidden in a kid ‘s socie tal environment ( Inhelder & A ; Piaget, 1980 ; Ochs & A ; Schieffelin, 1995 ) . The impact of cultural norms and outlooks on linguistic communication development are more hard to mensurate ( Herschensohn, 2007 ) , as kids internalize these norms and bit by bit absorb them as 1 ‘s ain values ( Inhelder & A ; Piaget, 1980 ) . The undermentioned portion illustrates how societal category, ethnicity, gender and equals shape the development of linguistic communication in kids. Social category Many research surveies found differences in the ways and forms of linguistic communication development among kids of different societal categories. Health professionals in the upper category speak more to their kids ; and in bend greatly expand the vocabulary size of these kids ( Hoff, 2006 ) . To be more precise, the kids ‘s vocabulary size is found to be positively correlated with the health professionals ‘ or parents ‘ figure of words spoken to them. Besides a quantitative difference, there are besides qualitative differences between the two societal categories. The unwritten linguistic communication of kids from lower socio-economic standing was worse than those from higher socio-economic position ( Hoff, 2006 ) . Upper category parents talk to their kids normally because they want and plan to prosecute in a conversation with them ; while lower category parents normally talk to their kids for some practical grounds like giving them instructions to work [ ( Hoff, 2006 ) . Children of from the upper category are exposed to a wider scope of vocabularies, particularly the productive vocabularies ( Hoff, 2003 ) . Children normally spend most of the clip with the people from the same societal category ; the common influence reinforces the kids to move and speak in the same manner as the other members of the societal category do. And because of the self-fulfilling prognostication, kids might hold acted harmonizing to what the others expect ( Edwards, 1979 ) . Therefore, even the kids of different societal categories go to the same school, their li nguistic communication development might yet be really different. Ethnicity Peoples from different states experience different advancement in linguistic communication development. People ‘s pick of vocabularies can extremely reflect their cultural outlooks and norms. Peoples from an individualist civilization have a different linguistic communication attitudes and vocabulary pick as people from a collectivist-oriented state ( Gudykunst & A ; Schmidt, 1987 ) . As stated by Ayyash-Abdo ( 2001 ) , people believing in individuality concern more about their ain beliefs, demands and rights ; while people with a leftist mentality consider themselves as a portion of the whole community, and topographic point the group ‘s demands on a higher precedence than their ain demands. Collectivist seeks harmoniousness and emphasizes cooperation. Wu and Rubin ( 2000 ) found that, in footings of linguistic communication usage, individualists ‘ manner of showing their thoughts is more direct and self-asserting, and they use â€Å" I † more frequently to give voice their sentences. Conversely, leftists like to utilize â€Å" we † , and there are much more relational nouns in the Chinese linguistic communication that helps to do all right differentiations between different relations. For illustration, in English, â€Å" uncles † can intend one ‘s female parents ‘ senior or younger brothers, and besides one ‘s m ale parent senior or younger brothers. But in Chinese, there are four different nouns for those four different types of â€Å" uncles † . Several surveies attempted to compare the linguistic communication development in American yearlings with Nipponese yearlings. The former, in general, represents individuality ; while the latter represents Bolshevism. it was discovered that the American babes knew a broad scope of productive and receptive vocabularies ; while Nipponese babes were good at symbolic drama ( Tamis-LeMonda, Bornstein, Cyphers, Toda & A ; Ogino, 1992 ) . To account for the difference, Tamis-LeMonda, et Al. ( 1992 ) found that American female parents tend to label objects and events more on a regular basis, stress the demand of independency ; arouse the kids ‘s involvement in the external word ; and are more information-oriented when they talk to their kids. On the other manus, Nipponese female parents ever engage their kids in group drama and dyadic activities ; advance a sense of dependance ; and are more affect-oriented. Ethnicity does non merely act upon the kids ‘s size of vocabularies, but besides in a batch of ways such as the linguistic communication attitude, pick of words and ways to sentiments. The geographical features of a state besides have an impact on kids ‘s exposure to different types of words. For illustration, in Hong Kong and other metropoliss which are closer to the equator, snowing is non possible. In Cantonese, we merely have one noun to depict â€Å" snow † , without any other vocabularies that could depict the different types and strength of â€Å" snow † . In contrast, there are many words created to separate the assorted sorts of â€Å" snow † , e.g. snowstorms, snow squalls, bustles, graupel, sleet, dendrites, acerate leafs, snow pellets, etc. Gender Quite a batch of research surveies on the gender difference in linguistic communication development of kids show that misss, between one to three old ages old, could treat linguistic communication and reading at a faster rate and bring forth syntactically more complicated sentences than male childs of the same age ( Umek et al. , 2008 ) . Boys, instead, could understand the significance of words better ( Wolf & A ; Gow, 1986 ) . It appears that male childs are less well-developed in linguistic communication acquisition in the early old ages. Karrass et Al. ( 2002 ) suggested that this might good be the influence of gender stereotypes. It is normally taught and believed that male childs are more active and misss are more soft and elegant. It is found that parents of male childs are less sensitive to their linguistic communication accomplishments, but shows greater concern to the boy ‘s motor development ( Eaton & A ; Enns, 1986 ) . For misss, the parents tend to speak to their g irls more frequently, and prosecute them in communicative activities like story-telling. Peers Peers become increasingly of import as the kids grow up ( Fortman, 2003 ) . Childs further develop their linguistic communication and societal accomplishments through interacting with their equals. By that clip, in order to seek group designation and keep association with the group, different group norms and group ‘language ‘ like hip-hop may emerge to stand for group rank ( Giles, 1979 ) . The specific sort of linguistic communication is created for the group to admit each other and except the out-group members. Children at this age may change their linguistic communication attitude and ways of showing thoughts to make a positive self-image obtain a desirable group individuality ( Ryan, 1979 ) .DecisionA batch of facets within the societal environment drama of import functions in determining the development of linguistic communication in kids. Yet, as stated in the debut, Chomsky ‘s nativist theory is besides really sensible and influential. A well-developed lingui stic communication system is in fact a merchandise of rich societal environment and the kid ‘s willingness and accomplishments to react to the societal input.

ATHLETES By Faiz Ghazi I have written this essay around mid January, it was a fun paper to write, we had to do an evaluation of one topic and break it down into three different parts

ATHLETES By Faiz Ghazi I have written this essay around mid January, it was a fun paper to write, we had to do an evaluation of one topic and break it down into three different parts ATHLETESAllen Iverson, Luke Walton, and Tracy Mcgrady, are all athletes, but they are three different types. Allen Iverson, he is a great player for the 76er's, but he gets into a lot of trouble, which is why Coach Brown left. Luke Walton, a shooting guard for the LA Lakers, his dad Bill a retired hall of fame Center, for the LA Lakers. Bill Walton is now a LA Laker analyst and his son was drafted by the LA Lakers, he is their 3rd string bench warmer. Now this guy is for real, Tracy Mcgrady, he gives it more than his all for each game he plays, he is the NBA leading scorer, he plays defense, he is the captain, and he does a lot of community work. Those are three major types of athletes there are in this world. Mr. Big Shot, but gets in trouble, Mr.of the Houston Rockets, being guarded by of the Wa...Horrible, but dad is coach, and Mr. Quiet, but is great.Mr. Big Shot, he's good, very cocky, but gets in trouble in mid season, is a very distinctive character. He will show great leaders hip in the beginning, but then when things will count he will blow it, and kill the team by making the headline news in a quite miserable matter. Whether it was a drug bust, rape allegation, murder, or just not show up for practice because he thinks he is so flashy and great. He will hurt the team even though he is a good player.Mr. Horrible, but dad is coach or something with the athletic department has a major role on the team. What is this role? He sits on the bench; he will only go in the game when the team knows the game is over, with either a blow out...

Corporate Social Responsibility

Corporate Social Responsibility Introduction Organizations are established with an ultimate objective of providing goods and Services to people. These organizations can operate locally or internationally. Those that operate in other countries in addition to their country of origin are termed as multinational corporations. There are those organizations that are solely after making profit while others are non profit organizations.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Corporate Social Responsibility specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Whether the organizations are after making profit or not, they should operate in a manner that will not compromise with quality expectations of the clients. This is especially true given that organizations operate in an environment that is dynamic. The environment in which the organizations operate include political, social and economical environment. Such environments call for the organizations to observe ethics and corpor ate social responsibility as a strategy for them to survive. This is due to the fact that corporations require good will from the communities in which they operate and they are governed by laws of the land. Therefore this essay is going to focus on how ethics and corporate social responsibility (CSR) should be an integrated part of an organization’s strategy. This shall be discussed in relation to theories and using real life examples to support the arguments in the essay. Ethics as an integral part of strategy Ethics, as an integral part of an organization, is a strategy that can be approached from various theoretical perspectives. Therefore, an ethical organization should be built on the following three fundamental pillars: workers that observe ethics in the cause of their duties, leadership that is keen on ethics as it pertains to the workers and clients and the organizational structures and systems that are ethically sound. Without these ethical pillars the organization w ill encounter challenges in the environment it operates (Jackson 2004). The organization cannot operate in a vacuum. This is because the management leaders of the organization must make decisions that are legal and customer friendly. To achieve this different ethical approaches or theories are to be taken into considerations. They include moral rights approach, justice approach, utilitarian approach and individualism theory (George 1999).Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To begin with, moral rights approach as an integral ethical strategy of an organization asserts that human beings have certain rights and freedoms that cannot be infringed by the decision made by individuals. For the decision to be considered ethical, it has to ensure that individual rights and liberties are not taken away from them. The decision made by the leadership of the organization regar ding its workers should be consistent with the following rights, â€Å"right of safety, moral right of free consent, the right of due process, the moral right of life and the moral right of freedom of speech (Behrman 1988). An example that shows how companies violate human rights can be seen by how the Wal-Mart was found to violate its U.S workers rights in 2007 by preventing them from forming trade unions and instilling fear into them. The leadership of the organization should ensure that its workers or any other stakeholders to the organization such as suppliers, creditors and the clients should have a free consent in decision matters that affect them. Free consent as a moral right encourages the leaders to allow the people to make decision that are knowingly and freely (Fisher Lovell 2003). On the other hand the leadership of the organization consider legal due process in their decision making process. This moral right calls for fair and sound hearing for an individual. The man ager in the organization should allow the workers to seek a due legal process whenever they feel that their rights have been denied (European Commission 2002). Like wise if the organization carries out the activities that pollute the environment the people can sue the organization for its harmful activities to the people and the environment. The fear of being sued for such violations leads to most organizations to do what is required of them (DFID 2003). For instance, the Los Angeles Car Wash Company was sued by its workers for underpaying them. The workers were kept on duty outside the working hours without being paid their overtime dues. The workers were paid up their dues and were not dismissed from duty due to strong laws that protect them.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Corporate Social Responsibility specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Next for decision to be considered morally correct the decision of the l eaders in organization should consider the right to life and safety of its workers. The managers in the organization cannot expose their workers to the activities that threaten their life and safety. The companies that manufacture products for public consumption like the motor companies must be liable for the safety of the products to the consumers. It shall be good ethics for such products to undergo vigorous tests before being sold to the public for safety reasons. The companies can give warnings to customers if the products may jeopardize their safety. For example the General Motors Company recently recalled more than 300,000 SUVs and trucks to correct turn signal problems even though there were no injuries that had been reported from the clients. The recalling was well intended to correct a mistake that had been noticed and was vital in order to forestall any legal suits that might have followed (Dellaportes, Gibson, Alagai 2005). In addition to that, the executives of the organ ization need to protect the privacy of their workers. The managers need avoid sexual harassment against their workers. The company needs to uphold to its free consent all the time. The company should give the right information to its stake holders regarding its operation. Giving fraudulent information is unethical and may cost a lot to the company in terms of legal cost. For instance, one particular company gave a prospectus bearing false information about the unbounded wealth of Nevada. A particular share broker who took such information in good faith wanted to disregard the contract agreement after realizing that the information provided was not true. Thus it is important that companies give correct information to such situations (Hartman 2004). Lastly the people working within the organization and other stake holders to the organization have the right to freedom of speech and information.The companies should make an effort of informing its consumers on the products offered throug h education.Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The companies should provide truthful information to the customers and should be truthful in their dealings (Crane Matten 2007). For Example, in 2003 the U.S food and drug administration (FDA) destroyed up to 90,000 units of Royal Tongan Limu Dietary supplements that were being false claimed to treat several diseases (Hartman 2004). The company should make decision that allows the stake holders to the organization to express themselves. This should allow the voice of the workers to be heard in matters that affects them. The top leadership should not undermine the views of those under them. If the leader goes to the extent of embracing totalitarian kind of leadership in the organization there would be conflicts in organization which may lead to the eventual collapse of the organization. This is due to the fact that there will be a disconnection between the top management and the workers (Castka, Bamber, Bamber Sharp 2004). The second theoretical approach in the ethical strategy of an organization is the utilitarian approach. This theory upholds that when the managers make the decision, it should be morally good and its consequences should benefit a large number. Therefore this approach calls for a greater measure of benefits and harm or cost in terms of what is valued most by the decision makers in the organization. For example if a company finds that using low, there were street protests in Ireland in response to increased number of companies using cheap labor provided by immigrants. Another ethical approach as a strategy of an organization is that of individualism. This approach highlights that an individual’s interest to the organization should prevail for a long time. The managers should allow the stake holders of the company to make free choice as long as their interests do not conflict with those of the company. For Example the Caribbean Money Market Brokers (CMMB) collapsed suddenly in February 2009, nothing was said about the imminent collapse and most of the stake holders were left in shock (Chrysside Kaler 1996). The justice approach as an ethical strategy by the organization is very important. This theory stipulates that moral decisions affecting the people in the company should be fair, equal and very impartial (Albertson 2007). For example it will be unfair for the unskilled laborer in the company to earn a higher salary than their skilled counterparts. This kind of scenario is common in firms that employ relatives who often are not up to the task but they end up being paid more. The management of organizations should ensure that they pay workers depending on their output and level of skill. On the other hand it will be unfair by the remuneration team in the organization to deny the workers compensation after they had been injured while on the job. This can exist where the legal process for such compensation is delayed by the management team who may not be willing to compensate their workers. That is not ethical in the life of the organization (Chrysside Kaler 1996). The rules and regulations of the organizations should be applied uniformly by the workers of the company. There should be no rules that discriminates the workers on the grounds regarding their health condition, race and gender. For Example, the Ghanaian government has formulated tough penalties to deal with Companies that are discriminating their workers on health Grounds. (Jackson 2004). CSR as a strategy in organizations The corporate social responsibility as a strategy in the organization has been favored for a very long time as far as business is concerned. Competition from other organizations sends a company into looking for ways that can really put it above others. Corporate social responsibility seems to be the best avenue through which an organization can make itself appealing to its clients. Organizations which get deeply involved in communal activities usually develop some bonding with the members of the society in whic h it operates. In the end it is always true that a company that will identify itself with the people will rip more from them. (Crane Matten 2007). How did this corporate social responsibility come about? It was partly brought about by the reshaping of the old-age traditional method of relationships in authority by ushering in new modern technology in creating of the wealth (Davis 2006). Thus the organization had to give back to the society in which it operates in which enables the organization to make large profit. Therefore the organization gives its workers services such as free health services, promotion of education that were meant to appreciate the efforts of the workers to the organization. An organization that treats workers well will be better placed to maintain a skilled workforce and thus maintaining an overall good performance (Blowfield Murray 2008). Furthermore since the business or the organization acts as the moral agent of the society their social responsibility is to ensure that their social behavior does not compromise with the moral values of the society. Thus the decision making organ within the organization should ensure that they go beyond individual self interests to make decisions that will put the larger society in danger (Balabanis, Phillips Lyall 1998). The corporate social responsibility of the organization is well supported by the stake holder theory. This theory encourages the management team of the company to safeguard the interests of the legal fraternity subsystem, clients, creditors, and suppliers who are the stakeholders to the firm (Knight 1980). The company has the corporate social responsibility of abiding to the government laws and regulations so as to avoid harming social good such as the citizens and the environment. However such government regulations interfere in the operation of the company. For example, its failure to clean Hudson River led to legal suit against General Electric Company. This was as a result of f ailure to abide by the regulations. The company kept on arguing through legal structures for a long time while the river remained unclean (Blowfield Murray 2008) Another important theory that explains the role of corporate social responsibility of the organization is that of social demandingness. The theory stipulates that the managers of the organization should safeguard the interests of the stake holders in the society. The executives of the corporations have to ensure that the social issues such as health care, safety and the prosperity is highly taken into consideration without disrupting the social harmony. A good example is Magellan Metal Company in West Australian that had to bear responsibility for the death of birds within the environs as a result of lead deposits. The company showed a good example by closing down for a while to clean up. This was welcomed by the locals who were impressed by the move as a step in the right direction. (Balabanis, Phillips Lyall 1998). The corporate social responsibility embraces the legitimacy theory which states that organizations need to carry out activities that are proper. This indicates that the organization should not engage in the activities that are against the norms and values of the society (George 1999). This theory calls upon the organization to carry out the activities that respect the moral values of the society in the society in which it operates. The company has to engage in the activities that should not impact negatively on the environment. The operations need be generally accepted. For example, the toy making company had to adopt the risk management and quality control after it realized that its products contained lead poison. The millions toys were recalled by the company world wide. Such response was legitimate for the company and it saved the general public (Grace and Cohen 2006). Conclusion In conclusion it is imperative to note that an organization cannot operate in a vacuum. It operates in th e society that is dynamic. For it to succeed, it has to lay down an appropriate strategy that is ethical and which incorporates corporate social responsibility. The organization that respects the moral rights of the people in the society shall be legitimate in its operations in the society. Likewise, the organization which has a good corporate social responsibility will not fail to safeguard the interests of its stake holders. On that note, its public image shall be well defined by the people in the society in all spheres. Thus all companies that want to venture into any society around the globe should be aware of the social requirements of the given society. They should also be willing to put up structures that will ensure that their operations do not compromise the environment. If all this are observed then the companies will exist harmoniously with the society and will also prevent legal hurdles that are associated with breaking the rules. References Albertson, T., 2007. The Gods of Business: The intersection of Faith and the Market Place. LA: Trinity Alumni Press. Balabanis, G., Phillips, C. and Lyall. J., 1998. Corporate Social Responsibility and Economic Performance in the Top British Companies: Are They Linked? European Business Review, 98 (1), pp. 25-44. Behrman, J.N., 1988. Essays on Ethics in Business and the Professions. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Blowfield, M. Murray, A., 2008.Corporate Responsibility: A Critical Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press Castka, P., Bamber, C.J., Bamber D.J. and Sharp, J.M., 2004. Integrating Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) into ISO Management Systems- in Search of a Feasible CSR Management System Framework. The TQM Magazine,1 (3), pp. 216-224. Chrysside, G. Kaler, J., 1996. Essentials of Business Ethics. London: McGraw-Hill Crane, A. Matten, D., 2007. Business Ethics. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press Davis, A., 2006. A Strategic Approach to Corporate Governance. New York: Gower Dellap ortes, S., Gibson, K., Alagai., 2005. Ethics, Governance and Accountability. Melbourne: Wiley DFID. 2003. â€Å"DFID and Corporate Social Responsibility’. September. London: DFID. European Commission., 2002. Corporate Social Responsibility: A Business Contribution to Sustainable Development. COM, July 2. 2002 (347) Official Publications of the European Commission: Brussels. Fisher, C. Lovell, A., 2003. Business Ethics and Values. London: FT Prentice Hall George, R. T., 1999. Business Ethics. London: Prentice Hall Hartman, L., 2004. Perspectives in Business Ethics. Burr Ridge: McGraw Hill. Jackson, K., 2004. Building Reputational Capital. New York: Oxford University Press. Knight F., 1980. The Ethics of Competition and other Essays. Chicago: University of Chicago Press

Fundamental Differences between Communism and Liberal Capitalism after Essay

Fundamental Differences between Communism and Liberal Capitalism after WWII - Essay Example Communism, on the other hand, refers to the communal ownership of public resources. Under liberal capitalism, everyone has the same share of resources and there is expected to be as little government intervention as possible. Communism is geared towards placing the ownership of resources to the people where these resources are owned communally. There exist some fundamental differences between communism and liberal capitalism. The role of individual changes depending on whether communism or liberal capitalism is at work. With liberal capitalism, each individual is independent and is expected to make their personal decisions. Under communism, each individual is supposed to contribute to the common good of the society by being a part of the production system. Under liberal capitalism, wealth is distributed unevenly unlike in communism where each individual in the society co-owns the wealth and the national resources. Under capitalism, each individual has their own wealth and this wealth is owned privately. Communists believe that each person’s needs are equal and equally important and in this regard argue that resources should be shared equally. At the same time, communists believe that by working together as a team, people can achieve more and this will lead to the welfare of the community as a whole. Liberal capitalists have different views on this. To begin with, a liberal capitalist society, it is believed when individual compete against each other, they will be the most productive and this will eventually work for the best of everyone. One of the best examples of liberal capitalism is probably the United States of America. Liberal capitalism in America has led to the inventions of so many technologies that have made the lives of people so much easier. In liberal capitalist economies such as the United States of America, individuals are rewarded for their contribution to the societies.

Globalisation and Tourism and the impact on local and indigenous Essay

Globalisation and Tourism and the impact on local and indigenous cultures - Essay Example It is about establishing interconnected relations throughout the world. Through globalization one can eliminate the barriers that persist within nations, develop healthy trade, bridges communication errors and shares resources. One of the disadvantages of globalization is that it has increased crime level interstate. Los Angeles is one of the most densely polluted countries of the world. Pollution has literally damaged the entire city in such a way that its impact is very obvious. Tourism is an essential part of Los Angeles economy. Los Angeles is one of those countries that are a major tourist attraction, Los Angeles has the honour of housing the home of all legendary actors that is Hollywood. From amazing shopping malls to Hollywood and an amazing blend of various restaurants, Los Angeles offers everything that a tourist wants during vacations. While travelling the quality and the atmosphere of the environment go hand in hand. The environment is made up of natural as well as manmad e things which together build up the tourism in a state. The relation between tourism and environment tends to get very tangling at times. The effects of tourism are very controversial. At times they can be helpful in generating revenue for the state resulting in a fruitful economy and on the contrary it can damage and dent the city's environmental condition resulting in a disaster which can damage countries natural resources. Tourism leads to the development of the place with the construction of roads, parks, malls, resorts, restaurants, hotel, golf courses, airports etc. which eventually build up the infrastructure of a place. "The notion of a tourism system is extremely important when we start to consider the notion of impacts. If we are to evaluate the effects of tourism trips, we need not only to examine where in the system immediate impacts occur, but also to consider if there are system-wide effects that contribute to change in the broader environment. In the case of maritime ship emissions, for example, nitrogen oxide( NOx) have both local and global effects on atmospheric pollution. In the Los Angeles – Long Beach area of California, which is both the United States busiest port and the country's most polluted area, oceangoing vessels are among the largest source of NOx, emitting more NOx than all power plants and refineries in the region's air basin combined. This is significant because as well as being a green house gas (GHG) that contribute to global warming and climate change. NOx reacts with other volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere to produce ozone/smog. Particulates from marine vessels also create significant cancer risks, with an estimated more than 700 premature deaths caused in the Los Angeles area annually by these emissions as of 2008. Because of their often localized nature, the effects of NOx are not just felt in ports, but also along shipping transit routes. For example, Santa Barbara county in California, which has no co mmercial port, estimates by 2020, 67 percent of its NOx inventory will come from shipping traffic transiting the Californian coast." (Scott, 45). This particularly deals with the marine emission that has damaged Los Angeles brutally. This text